Here are some specific questions.
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Are the upvotes and downvotes I make, private? If I report a comment, is my report private?
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Can someone follow me across lemmy instances based on my username?
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If I want to make a community, is there a reason I would choose one lemmy over another?
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Are the powers of moderators similar to reddit’s?
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Where can I find a list of most active lemmy instances?
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Any other differences from reddit I should know about?
Iirc no activity from one instance is available on the other. No posts in their communities, no posts/comments from their users.
The fediverse is a group of social media platforms that use the active pub protocol to pass along user interactions between instances (servers run by different people).
Lemmy is the reddit of the fediverse, meaning posts in communities and comment in a trees structure.
Kbin is also the reddit of the fediverse, but with some less features (manly on the moderation side). Because they both use active pub in a reddit style they can easily interoperate.
Mastodon is the twitter of the fediverse meaning their content (mircoblogging) doesn’t fit the lemmy format but you will only sometimes see some posts like ‘If you can read this I have managed to post from mastodon to lemmy’.